From Personal Memories to Sharable Memories

The exchange of personal experiences is a way of supporting decision making and interpersonal communication. In this article, we discuss how augmented personal memories could be exploited in order to support such a sharing. We start with a brief summary of a system implementing an augmented memory for a single user. Then, we exploit results from interviews to define an example scenario involving sharable memories. This scenario serves as background for a discussion of various questions related to sharing memories and potential approaches to their solution. We especially focus on the selection of relevant experiences and sharing partners, sharing methods, and the configuration of those sharing methods by means of reflection

Remarkable Objects: Supporting Collaboration in a Creative Environment

In this paper, we report the results of a field trial of a Ubicomp system called CAM that is aimed at supporting and enhancing collaboration in a design studio environment. CAM uses a mobile-tagging application which allows designers to collaboratively store relevant information onto their physical design objects in the form of messages, annotations and external web links. The purpose of our field trial was to explore the role of augmented objects in supporting and enhancing creative work. Our results show that CAM was used not only used to support participants’ mutual awareness and coordination but also to facilitate designers in appropriating their augmented design objects to be explorative, extendable and playful supporting creative aspects of design work. In general, our results show how CAM transformed static design objects into ‘remarkable’ objects that made the creative and playful side of cooperative design visible

LIHYP - Linking Hydrogen Power Potentials in the North Sea Region

Vorstellung des LIHYP-Projektpiloten aus Oldenburg. Es ist geplant zwei E-Lastenräder mit integrierter Brennstoffzelle zu testen (in der Anwendung bei einem Logistikdienstleister aus Oldenburg und im Labor)

Multi-Phase Equilibrium of Crystalline Solids

A continuum model of crystalline solid equilibrium is presented in which the underlying periodic lattice structure is taken explicitly into account. This model also allows for both point and line defects in the bulk of the lattice and at interfaces, and the kinematics of such defects is discussed in some detail. A Gibbsian variational argument is used to derive the necessary bulk and interfacial conditions for multi-phase equilibrium (crystal-crystal and crystal-melt) where the allowed lattice variations involve the creation and transport of defects in the bulk and at the phase interface. An interfacial energy, assumed to depend on the interfacial dislocation density and the orientation of the interface with respect to the lattices of both phases, is also included in the analysis. Previous equilibrium results based on nonlinear elastic models for incoherent and coherent interfaces are recovered as special cases for when the lattice distortion is constrained to coincide with the macroscopic deformation gradient, thereby excluding bulk dislocations. The formulation is purely spatial and needs no recourse to a fixed reference configuration or an elastic-plastic decomposition of the strain. Such a decomposition can be introduced however through an incremental elastic deformation superposed onto an already dislocated state, but leads to additional equilibrium conditions. The presentation emphasizes the role of {configurational forces} as they provide a natural framework for the description and interpretation of singularities and phase transitions.Comment: 32 pages, to appear in Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solid

A Trade-Off Between Sporangia Size and Number Exists in the Potato Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and Is Not Altered by Biotic and Abiotic Factors

The negative relationship between offspring size and number is a classic example of trade-off between life-history traits, reported many times in animal and plant species. Here, we wanted to ascertain whether such a trade-off occurred in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, and whether it was impacted by biotic and abiotic factors. We thus conducted three infection experiments under controlled conditions and measured the number and the size of sporangia (asexual propagules) produced on potato by different P. infestans isolates. In all experiments, we observed a negative relationship between sporangia size and number, demonstrating the existence of a trade-off. Moreover, although the potato host cultivar, temperature and host of origin (tomato or potato) all affected sporangia number, sporangia size or both, none of these biotic and abiotic factors did change the trade-off. Therefore, the trade-off between sporangia size and number could maintain the polyphenism for these traits in P. infestans populations, and favors the coexistence of distinct reproductive strategies within this species. Our results emphasize the relevance to focus on the relationship between offspring size and number in other fungal plant pathogens, as well as to study the impact of offspring size on fitness-linked traits (virulence and disease lesion development) in these organisms

Wasserstoff als ein Fundament der Energiewende Teil 2: Sektorenkopplung und Wasserstoff: Zwei Seiten der gleichen Medaille

Der vorliegende zweite Teil - Sektorenkopplung und Wasserstoff: Zwei Seiten der gleichen Medaille knüpft an diesem Punkt an. Er befasst sich detailliert mit möglichen Nutzungspfaden von Wasserstoff in den Sektoren Verkehr, Industrie und Wärme sowie mit dem systemisch wichtigen Aspekt der Rückverstromung. Am Beispiel aktueller Forschungsarbeiten im DLR wird dargestellt, welche Potenziale sich durch die Kopplung der verschiedenen Energieverbrauchssektoren bei der Erzeugung und Nutzung von Wasserstoff ergeben. Diese Synergien ebnen den Weg zu einer effizienteren und flexibleren Nutzung von erneuerbarer Energie. Neben den technologischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten spielen darüber hinaus die Infrastruktur sowie dazugehörige Sicherheitsaspekte bei der Nutzung von Wasserstoff eine gewichtige Rolle. Weiterhin wird im DLR auf dem Gebiet der Energiesystemanalyse an der Einschätzung der Auswirkungen großskaliger Wasserstoffinfrastrukturen auf das bestehende und zukünftige Energiesystem geforscht. Dies beinhaltet auch die Fragestellungen, ob ein klimaneutrales Energiesystem aus heutiger Sicht überhaupt ohne Wasserstoff denkbar ist, bzw. wie groß der Wasserstoffbedarf und das -angebot in solchen Zielszenarien ausfällt. Zudem werden Umwelteinwirkungen untersucht und Lebenszyklusanalysen erstellt

Anthropogenic intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes

Short- duration (1-3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies through rapidly developing (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted processes that are altering as Earth's climate warms. In this Review, we examine evidence from observational, theoretical and modelling studies for the intensification of these rainfall extremes, the drivers and the impact on flash flooding. Both short- duration and long- duration (\textgreater1 day) rainfall extremes are intensifying with warming at a rate consistent with the increase in atmospheric moisture (~7% K-1), while in some regions, increases in short- duration extreme rainfall intensities are stronger than expected from moisture increases alone. These stronger local increases are related to feedbacks in convective clouds, but their exact role is uncertain because of the very small scales involved. Future extreme rainfall intensification is also modulated by changes to temperature stratification and large- scale atmospheric circulation. The latter remains a major source of uncertainty. Intensification of short- duration extremes has likely increased the incidence of flash flooding at local scales and this can further compound with an increase in storm spatial footprint to considerably increase total event rainfall. These findings call for urgent climate change adaptation measures to manage increasing flood risks

Kulturelle Aktivitäten, sozialer Hintergrund und Offenheit bei Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe I

How can variance in students’ participation in cultural activities be accounted for? Is socioeconomic status overrated as a predictor? What are the effects of school track? And can effects of openness be replicated using measures from adjective checklists? In a structural equation modeling (SEM) study, cross-sectional data from N = 2,388 adolescent students in different German school tracks were used to assess the variance in adolescent highbrow cultural activities that was explained by social background, controlling for parental and peer group cultural activities as well as openness. We tested hypotheses of group differences in mean levels and explored effects of the predictor variables on student cultural activities. Results show that mean levels of measures for social background, peer group cultural activities, and openness increased from low- to high-track students. There were effects of parental and peer group activities on cultural activities, but no direct positive effects of social background or openness. The significance of these findings for research on cultural activities is discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)Wie lassen sich kulturelle Aktivitäten von Schülerinnen und Schülern erklären? Wird der sozioökonomische Status als Prädiktor überschätzt? Welche Effekte hat die Schulform? Und lassen sich Effekte von Offenheit auch unter Verwendung von Adjektivchecklisten replizieren? Im Rahmen einer Studie mit querschnittlichen Daten von N = 2388 Schülerinnen und Schülern verschiedener Schulformen der Sekundarstufe I berechneten wir Mehrgruppen- Strukturgleichungsmodelle mit kulturellen Aktivitäten der Schülerinnen und Schüler als Kriterium, in denen der Erklärungswert des sozialen Hintergrundes bei Kontrolle von elterlichen kulturellen Aktivitäten und kulturellen Peergruppen-Aktivitäten untersucht wurde. Wir überprüften Hypothesen zu Mittelwertsunterschieden in den erhobenen Variablen und zu Effekten der Prädiktoren auf die kulturellen Aktivitäten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Hinsichtlich der Mittelwertsunterschiede zeigte sich für die Variablen sozialer Hintergrund, kulturelle Aktivitäten der Peers und Offenheit über die Schulformen hinweg ein Trend mit niedrigen Werten bei Hauptschülern und hohen Werten bei Gymnasiasten. Hinsichtlich des Erklärungswerts der Prädiktoren zeigten sich Effekte der kulturellen Aktivitäten von Eltern und Peers auf die kulturellen Aktivitäten der Schülerinnen und Schüler, aber keine direkten positiven Effekte des sozialen Hintergrunds und der Offenheit. Die Relevanz dieser Befunde für die Erforschung kultureller Aktivitäten wird diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.

From Personal Memories to Sharable Memories

The exchange of personal experiences is a way of supporting decision making and interpersonal communication. In this article, we discuss how augmented personal memories could be exploited in order to support such a sharing. We start with a brief summary of a system implementing an augmented memory for a single user. Then, we exploit results from interviews to define an example scenario involving sharable memories. This scenario serves as background for a discussion of various questions related to sharing memories and potential approaches to their solution. We especially focus on the selection of relevant experiences and sharing partners, sharing methods, and the configuration of those sharing methods by means of reflection